COGNIEDGE²

COGNIEDGE²

Nootropics, also known as "smart drugs," are a diverse group of therapeutic substances whose effects improve human thinking, learning and memory, particularly in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential efficacy and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and action, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances that increase brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. 

Benefits of use:

• the strongest (at the moment) nootropic in the Biolab range
• increases motivation without overexcitement
• increases dopamine levels
• increases levels of spontaneous activity 
• positive effect on the feeling of "flow" 
• helps to maintain the highest level of concentration despite heavy and prolonged mental effort 
• increased cognitive functions remain even after discontinuing use

At one time or another, everyone has dreamed of becoming smarter, learning more things in less time, thinking, and reacting faster, and having a better memory. Today, there are compounds on the market that promise various combinations of the benefits. This group of substances is known as nootropics. Although these substances are more effective in cases where cognitive function is clearly impaired, they are of interest to healthy individuals because of their ability to increase intelligence and improve memory. Most of these substances are of natural origin, do not require a prescription and can usually be easily obtained in the form of dietary supplements or herbal extracts. Their availability in synthetic form is somewhat limited, and some preparations require a valid prescription to obtain them. Nootropics are usually well tolerated in patients with cognitive impairment; the incidence of side effects is low, and those that do occur are usually mild. Most nootropics do not have an immediate effect after a single dose, so long-term use is necessary to achieve the desired results. However, their long-term effects on healthy individuals are still unknown.

Phenyl-2-propylaminopentane, also known as (-)-1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane or (-)-PPAP, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of substituted phenethylamines and is a derivative of selegiline. ((-)-PPAP) is a drug with an unusual action profile. It can be loosely grouped with the stimulant or antidepressant families of drugs, but its mechanism of action is quite different. 

PPAP is classified as an enhancer of catecholaminergic and serotonergic activity. This means that it stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter’s dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain, although it has less effect on serotonin release and mainly affects dopamine and norepinephrine. Unlike stimulant drugs such as amphetamine, which release a flood of monoamine neurotransmitters in an uncontrolled manner, PPAP instead only increases the amount of neurotransmitter that is released when a neuron is stimulated by receiving an impulse from a neighboring neuron. Thus, while both amphetamines and PPAP increase the amount of neurotransmitter released, amphetamines cause neurons to dump neurotransmitter stores into the synapse regardless of external input, while with PPAP the pattern of neurotransmitter release is unchanged, but when a neuron normally releases neurotransmitter, a greater amount than normal is released.

Pharmacological effects: It has unique pharmacological properties and is known to facilitate learning and retention. In addition, it was found to be very potent in antagonizing tetrabenazine-induced depression in behavioral tests.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356324/

Mechanism of action: PPAP is taken up by the catecholamine axon terminal membrane and vesicular membrane but is devoid of catecholamine-releasing properties. As a result, PPAP is, by interference, a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of indirectly acting sympathomimetic releasers and catecholamine transmitters such as the dopamine and serotonin without ''crushing.'' Strongly motivating and mentally stimulating.